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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ summary: "A fairly long and winding way through a proof of the three Sylow theor
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(This post is mostly to set up a kind of structure for the website; in particular, to be the first in a series of posts summarising some mathematical results I stumble across.)
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EDIT: There is now [an Anki deck](/AnkiDecks/SylowTheoremsProof.apkg) of this proof, and a [collection of poems][sylow sonnets] summarising it.
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EDIT: There is now a [collection of poems][sylow sonnets] summarising this proof.
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In Part IB of the Mathematical Tripos (that is, second-year material), there is a course called Groups, Rings and Modules. I took it in the academic year 2012-2013, when it was lectured by [Imre Leader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imre_Leader). He told us that there were three main proofs of the [Sylow theorems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylow_theorems), two of which were horrible and one of which was nice; he presented the "nice" one. At the time, I thought this was the most beautiful proof of anything I'd ever seen, although other people have told me it's a disgusting proof.
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@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ aliases:
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title: Sum-of-two-squares theorem
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*Wherein I detail the most beautiful proof of a theorem I've ever seen, in a bite-size form suitable for an Anki deck. I attach the [Anki deck], which contains the bulleted lines of this post as flashcards.*
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*Wherein I detail the most beautiful proof of a theorem I've ever seen, in a bite-size form suitable for an Anki deck.
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# Statement
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There's no particularly nice way to motivate this in this context, I'm afraid, so we'll just dive in. I have found this method extremely hard to motivate - a few of the steps are a glorious magic.
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@@ -32,8 +32,6 @@ Additionally, we'll call a number which is the sum of two squares a **nice** num
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## First implication: if primes 3 mod 4 appear only to even powers…
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We prove the result first for the primes, and will then show that niceness is preserved on taking products.
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* Let \\(p=2\\). Then \\(p\\) is trivially the sum of two squares: it is \\(1+1\\).
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* Let \\(p\\) be 1 mod 4.
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* Then modulo \\(p\\), we have \\(-1\\) is square.
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@@ -81,5 +79,4 @@ That ends the proof. Its beauty lies in the way it regards sums of two squares a
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[Gaussian integers]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_integers
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[UFD]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique_factorization_domain
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[irreducible]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducible_element
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[prime]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_element
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[Anki deck]: {{< baseurl >}}AnkiDecks/SumOfTwoSquaresTheorem.apkg
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[prime]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_element
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