diff --git a/CSharpExample/CSharpExample.csproj b/CSharpExample/CSharpExample.csproj
index 47f6818..6b0a667 100644
--- a/CSharpExample/CSharpExample.csproj
+++ b/CSharpExample/CSharpExample.csproj
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
       <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
       <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
       <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
+      <WarningsAsErrors>false</WarningsAsErrors>
+      <TreatWarningsAsErrors>false</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
     </PropertyGroup>
 
 </Project>
diff --git a/WoofWare.PawPrint.Domain/IlOp.fs b/WoofWare.PawPrint.Domain/IlOp.fs
index ff2ef94..4a371c9 100644
--- a/WoofWare.PawPrint.Domain/IlOp.fs
+++ b/WoofWare.PawPrint.Domain/IlOp.fs
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ type NullaryIlOp =
     | Localloc
     /// Dereferences the pointer on top of the stack, and pushes the target to the stack as a type O (object reference).
     | Ldind_ref
+    /// Stores an object reference value at a supplied address.
     | Stind_ref
     | Stind_I
     | Stind_I1
@@ -166,18 +167,25 @@ type NullaryIlOp =
     | Ldelem_u8
     | Ldelem_r4
     | Ldelem_r8
+    /// Loads the element containing an object reference at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as type O (object reference).
     | Ldelem_ref
+    /// Replaces the array element at a given index with the nativeint value on the evaluation stack.
     | Stelem_i
+    /// Replaces the array element at a given index with the int8 value on the evaluation stack.
     | Stelem_i1
     | Stelem_u1
+    /// Replaces the array element at a given index with the int16 value on the evaluation stack.
     | Stelem_i2
     | Stelem_u2
+    /// Replaces the array element at a given index with the int32 value on the evaluation stack.
     | Stelem_i4
     | Stelem_u4
+    /// Replaces the array element at a given index with the int64 value on the evaluation stack.
     | Stelem_i8
     | Stelem_u8
     | Stelem_r4
     | Stelem_r8
+    /// Replaces the array element at a given index with the object ref value (type O) on the evaluation stack.
     | Stelem_ref
     | Cpblk
     | Initblk
@@ -384,6 +392,7 @@ type UnaryConstIlOp =
     | Bge_un_s of int8
     | Bgt_un_s of int8
     | Ble_un_s of int8
+    /// Transfers control to a target instruction if the first value is less than the second value.
     | Blt_un_s of int8
     | Bne_un of int32
     | Bge_un of int32
@@ -529,6 +538,7 @@ type UnaryMetadataTokenIlOp =
     | Newobj
     | Newarr
     | Box
+    /// Loads the address of the array element at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as type "managed pointer"
     | Ldelema
     | Isinst
     /// Pop value from stack; pop object ref from stack; set specified field on that object to that value.
diff --git a/WoofWare.PawPrint.Test/TestPureCases.fs b/WoofWare.PawPrint.Test/TestPureCases.fs
index 827b7e4..0408375 100644
--- a/WoofWare.PawPrint.Test/TestPureCases.fs
+++ b/WoofWare.PawPrint.Test/TestPureCases.fs
@@ -311,6 +311,12 @@ module TestPureCases =
                     |> List.map (fun i -> CliType.Numeric (CliNumericType.Int32 i))
                     |> Some
             }
+            {
+                FileName = "Ldelema.cs"
+                ExpectedReturnCode = 0
+                NativeImpls = MockEnv.make ()
+                LocalVariablesOfMain = None
+            }
         ]
 
     [<TestCaseSource(nameof cases)>]
diff --git a/WoofWare.PawPrint.Test/WoofWare.PawPrint.Test.fsproj b/WoofWare.PawPrint.Test/WoofWare.PawPrint.Test.fsproj
index a5d2826..3ca83b3 100644
--- a/WoofWare.PawPrint.Test/WoofWare.PawPrint.Test.fsproj
+++ b/WoofWare.PawPrint.Test/WoofWare.PawPrint.Test.fsproj
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
   <ItemGroup>
     <EmbeddedResource Include="sourcesPure\BasicLock.cs" />
     <EmbeddedResource Include="sourcesPure\NoOp.cs" />
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="sourcesPure\Ldelema.cs" />
     <EmbeddedResource Include="sourcesPure\ExceptionWithNoOpCatch.cs" />
     <EmbeddedResource Include="sourcesPure\ExceptionWithNoOpFinally.cs" />
     <EmbeddedResource Include="sourcesPure\TryCatchWithThrowInBody.cs" />
diff --git a/WoofWare.PawPrint.Test/sourcesPure/Ldelema.cs b/WoofWare.PawPrint.Test/sourcesPure/Ldelema.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..735faa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/WoofWare.PawPrint.Test/sourcesPure/Ldelema.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+using System;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A simple value type used for testing ldelema.
+/// </summary>
+public struct TestStruct
+{
+    public int Value;
+}
+
+public class Program
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Modifies a TestStruct instance by reference. Calling this with an array element
+    /// (e.g., `ModifyStruct(ref array[i], ...)` ) will cause the C# compiler to
+    /// generate an `ldelema` instruction.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="s">A reference to the TestStruct to modify.</param>
+    /// <param name="newValue">The new value to assign.</param>
+    public static void ModifyStruct(ref TestStruct s, int newValue)
+    {
+        s.Value = newValue;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Modifies a string reference.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="s">A reference to a string variable.</param>
+    /// <param name="newValue">The new string to assign.</param>
+    public static void ModifyStringRef(ref string s, string newValue)
+    {
+        s = newValue;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Main entry point for the ldelema test.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>0 if all tests pass, otherwise a non-zero error code.</returns>
+    public static int Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        // --- Test 1: Modifying a value type element in an array ---
+        TestStruct[] structArray = new TestStruct[5];
+        structArray[2].Value = 100;
+
+        // This call should generate an `ldelema` instruction to get the address of structArray[2].
+        ModifyStruct(ref structArray[2], 999);
+
+        if (structArray[2].Value != 999)
+        {
+            return 301; // Unique error code for this test
+        }
+
+        // --- Test 2: Modifying a reference type element in an array ---
+        string[] stringArray = new string[] { "alpha", "beta", "gamma" };
+
+        // This call should also generate an `ldelema` instruction.
+        ModifyStringRef(ref stringArray[1], "zeta");
+
+        if (stringArray[1] != "zeta")
+        {
+            return 302; // Unique error code for this test
+        }
+
+        return 0; // Success
+    }
+}
diff --git a/WoofWare.PawPrint/BasicCliType.fs b/WoofWare.PawPrint/BasicCliType.fs
index ec6f6f2..98e622f 100644
--- a/WoofWare.PawPrint/BasicCliType.fs
+++ b/WoofWare.PawPrint/BasicCliType.fs
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ type ManagedPointerSource =
     | LocalVariable of sourceThread : ThreadId * methodFrame : int * whichVar : uint16
     | Argument of sourceThread : ThreadId * methodFrame : int * whichVar : uint16
     | Heap of ManagedHeapAddress
+    | ArrayIndex of arr : ManagedHeapAddress * index : int
     | Null
 
     override this.ToString () =
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ type ManagedPointerSource =
             $"<variable %i{var} in method frame %i{method} of thread %O{source}>"
         | ManagedPointerSource.Argument (source, method, var) ->
             $"<argument %i{var} in method frame %i{method} of thread %O{source}>"
+        | ManagedPointerSource.ArrayIndex (arr, index) -> $"<index %i{index} of array %O{arr}>"
 
 [<RequireQualifiedAccess>]
 type UnsignedNativeIntSource =
@@ -129,6 +131,7 @@ type CliRuntimePointerSource =
     | LocalVariable of sourceThread : ThreadId * methodFrame : int * whichVar : uint16
     | Argument of sourceThread : ThreadId * methodFrame : int * whichVar : uint16
     | Heap of ManagedHeapAddress
+    | ArrayIndex of arr : ManagedHeapAddress * index : int
     | Null
 
 type CliRuntimePointer =
diff --git a/WoofWare.PawPrint/BinaryArithmetic.fs b/WoofWare.PawPrint/BinaryArithmetic.fs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d0e390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/WoofWare.PawPrint/BinaryArithmetic.fs
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+namespace WoofWare.PawPrint
+
+#nowarn "42"
+
+type IArithmeticOperation =
+    abstract Int32Int32 : int32 -> int32 -> int32
+    abstract Int64Int64 : int64 -> int64 -> int64
+    abstract FloatFloat : float -> float -> float
+    abstract Name : string
+
+[<RequireQualifiedAccess>]
+module ArithmeticOperation =
+    let add =
+        { new IArithmeticOperation with
+            member _.Int32Int32 a b = (# "add" a b : int32 #)
+            member _.Int64Int64 a b = (# "add" a b : int64 #)
+            member _.FloatFloat a b = (# "add" a b : float #)
+            member _.Name = "add"
+        }
+
+    let mul =
+        { new IArithmeticOperation with
+            member _.Int32Int32 a b = (# "mul" a b : int32 #)
+            member _.Int64Int64 a b = (# "mul" a b : int64 #)
+            member _.FloatFloat a b = (# "mul" a b : float #)
+            member _.Name = "mul"
+        }
+
+[<RequireQualifiedAccess>]
+module BinaryArithmetic =
+    let execute (op : IArithmeticOperation) (val1 : EvalStackValue) (val2 : EvalStackValue) : EvalStackValue =
+        // see table at https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.reflection.emit.opcodes.add?view=net-9.0
+        match val1, val2 with
+        | EvalStackValue.Int32 val1, EvalStackValue.Int32 val2 -> op.Int32Int32 val1 val2 |> EvalStackValue.Int32
+        | EvalStackValue.Int32 val1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt val2 -> failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.NativeInt
+        | EvalStackValue.Int32 val1, EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer val2 -> failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer
+        | EvalStackValue.Int32 val1, EvalStackValue.ObjectRef val2 -> failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.ObjectRef
+        | EvalStackValue.Int64 val1, EvalStackValue.Int64 val2 -> op.Int64Int64 val1 val2 |> EvalStackValue.Int64
+        | EvalStackValue.NativeInt val1, EvalStackValue.Int32 val2 -> failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.NativeInt
+        | EvalStackValue.NativeInt val1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt val2 -> failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.NativeInt
+        | EvalStackValue.NativeInt val1, EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer val2 ->
+            failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer
+        | EvalStackValue.NativeInt val1, EvalStackValue.ObjectRef val2 -> failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.ObjectRef
+        | EvalStackValue.Float val1, EvalStackValue.Float val2 -> op.FloatFloat val1 val2 |> EvalStackValue.Float
+        | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer val1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt val2 ->
+            failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer
+        | EvalStackValue.ObjectRef val1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt val2 -> failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.ObjectRef
+        | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer val1, EvalStackValue.Int32 val2 -> failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer
+        | EvalStackValue.ObjectRef val1, EvalStackValue.Int32 val2 -> failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.ObjectRef
+        | val1, val2 -> failwith $"invalid %s{op.Name} operation: {val1} and {val2}"
diff --git a/WoofWare.PawPrint/EvalStack.fs b/WoofWare.PawPrint/EvalStack.fs
index c964435..0c66eef 100644
--- a/WoofWare.PawPrint/EvalStack.fs
+++ b/WoofWare.PawPrint/EvalStack.fs
@@ -162,6 +162,8 @@ module EvalStackValue =
                     |> CliType.RuntimePointer
                 | ManagedPointerSource.Heap managedHeapAddress -> CliType.ObjectRef (Some managedHeapAddress)
                 | ManagedPointerSource.Null -> CliType.ObjectRef None
+                | ManagedPointerSource.ArrayIndex (arr, ind) ->
+                    CliType.RuntimePointer (CliRuntimePointer.Managed (CliRuntimePointerSource.ArrayIndex (arr, ind)))
             | EvalStackValue.NativeInt nativeIntSource ->
                 match nativeIntSource with
                 | NativeIntSource.Verbatim 0L -> CliType.ObjectRef None
@@ -200,6 +202,7 @@ module EvalStackValue =
                     CliRuntimePointerSource.Argument (sourceThread, methodFrame, var)
                     |> CliRuntimePointer.Managed
                     |> CliType.RuntimePointer
+                | ManagedPointerSource.ArrayIndex _ -> failwith "TODO"
             | EvalStackValue.NativeInt intSrc ->
                 match intSrc with
                 | NativeIntSource.Verbatim i -> CliType.RuntimePointer (CliRuntimePointer.Unmanaged i)
@@ -215,6 +218,7 @@ module EvalStackValue =
                         )
                     | ManagedPointerSource.Argument (a, b, c) ->
                         CliType.RuntimePointer (CliRuntimePointer.Managed (CliRuntimePointerSource.Argument (a, b, c)))
+                    | ManagedPointerSource.ArrayIndex _ -> failwith "TODO"
                 | NativeIntSource.FunctionPointer methodInfo ->
                     CliType.Numeric (CliNumericType.NativeInt (NativeIntSource.FunctionPointer methodInfo))
                 | NativeIntSource.TypeHandlePtr int64 -> failwith "todo"
@@ -269,6 +273,8 @@ module EvalStackValue =
                 | CliRuntimePointerSource.LocalVariable (sourceThread, methodFrame, var) ->
                     ManagedPointerSource.LocalVariable (sourceThread, methodFrame, var)
                     |> EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer
+                | CliRuntimePointerSource.ArrayIndex (arr, ind) ->
+                    ManagedPointerSource.ArrayIndex (arr, ind) |> EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer
                 | CliRuntimePointerSource.Argument (sourceThread, methodFrame, var) ->
                     ManagedPointerSource.Argument (sourceThread, methodFrame, var)
                     |> EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer
diff --git a/WoofWare.PawPrint/EvalStackValueComparisons.fs b/WoofWare.PawPrint/EvalStackValueComparisons.fs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..188dfdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/WoofWare.PawPrint/EvalStackValueComparisons.fs
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+namespace WoofWare.PawPrint
+
+[<RequireQualifiedAccess>]
+module EvalStackValueComparisons =
+
+    let clt (var1 : EvalStackValue) (var2 : EvalStackValue) : bool =
+        match var1, var2 with
+        | EvalStackValue.Int64 var1, EvalStackValue.Int64 var2 -> var1 < var2
+        | EvalStackValue.Float var1, EvalStackValue.Float var2 -> failwith "TODO: Clt float comparison unimplemented"
+        | EvalStackValue.ObjectRef var1, EvalStackValue.ObjectRef var2 ->
+            failwith $"Clt instruction invalid for comparing object refs, {var1} vs {var2}"
+        | EvalStackValue.ObjectRef var1, other -> failwith $"invalid comparison, ref %O{var1} vs %O{other}"
+        | other, EvalStackValue.ObjectRef var2 -> failwith $"invalid comparison, %O{other} vs ref %O{var2}"
+        | EvalStackValue.Float i, other -> failwith $"invalid comparison, float %f{i} vs %O{other}"
+        | other, EvalStackValue.Float i -> failwith $"invalid comparison, %O{other} vs float %f{i}"
+        | EvalStackValue.Int64 i, other -> failwith $"invalid comparison, int64 %i{i} vs %O{other}"
+        | other, EvalStackValue.Int64 i -> failwith $"invalid comparison, %O{other} vs int64 %i{i}"
+        | EvalStackValue.Int32 var1, EvalStackValue.Int32 var2 -> var1 < var2
+        | EvalStackValue.Int32 var1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt var2 ->
+            failwith "TODO: Clt Int32 vs NativeInt comparison unimplemented"
+        | EvalStackValue.Int32 i, other -> failwith $"invalid comparison, int32 %i{i} vs %O{other}"
+        | EvalStackValue.NativeInt var1, EvalStackValue.Int32 var2 ->
+            failwith "TODO: Clt NativeInt vs Int32 comparison unimplemented"
+        | other, EvalStackValue.Int32 var2 -> failwith $"invalid comparison, {other} vs int32 {var2}"
+        | EvalStackValue.NativeInt var1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt var2 -> NativeIntSource.isLess var1 var2
+        | EvalStackValue.NativeInt var1, other -> failwith $"invalid comparison, nativeint {var1} vs %O{other}"
+        | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer managedPointerSource, NativeInt int64 ->
+            failwith "TODO: Clt ManagedPointer vs NativeInt comparison unimplemented"
+        | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer managedPointerSource, ManagedPointer pointerSource ->
+            failwith "TODO: Clt ManagedPointer vs ManagedPointer comparison unimplemented"
+        | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer managedPointerSource, UserDefinedValueType _ ->
+            failwith "TODO: Clt ManagedPointer vs UserDefinedValueType comparison unimplemented"
+        | EvalStackValue.UserDefinedValueType _, NativeInt int64 ->
+            failwith "TODO: Clt UserDefinedValueType vs NativeInt comparison unimplemented"
+        | EvalStackValue.UserDefinedValueType _, ManagedPointer managedPointerSource ->
+            failwith "TODO: Clt UserDefinedValueType vs ManagedPointer comparison unimplemented"
+        | EvalStackValue.UserDefinedValueType _, UserDefinedValueType _ ->
+            failwith "TODO: Clt UserDefinedValueType vs UserDefinedValueType comparison unimplemented"
+
+    let ceq var1 var2 : bool =
+        // Table III.4
+        match var1, var2 with
+        | EvalStackValue.Int32 var1, EvalStackValue.Int32 var2 -> var1 = var2
+        | EvalStackValue.Int32 var1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt var2 -> failwith "TODO: int32 CEQ nativeint"
+        | EvalStackValue.Int32 _, _ -> failwith $"bad ceq: Int32 vs {var2}"
+        | EvalStackValue.Int64 var1, EvalStackValue.Int64 var2 -> var1 = var2
+        | EvalStackValue.Int64 _, _ -> failwith $"bad ceq: Int64 vs {var2}"
+        | EvalStackValue.Float var1, EvalStackValue.Float var2 -> failwith "TODO: float CEQ float"
+        | EvalStackValue.Float _, _ -> failwith $"bad ceq: Float vs {var2}"
+        | EvalStackValue.NativeInt var1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt var2 ->
+            match var1, var2 with
+            | NativeIntSource.FunctionPointer f1, NativeIntSource.FunctionPointer f2 ->
+                if f1 = f2 then
+                    true
+                else
+                    failwith $"TODO(CEQ): nativeint vs nativeint, {f1} vs {f2}"
+            | NativeIntSource.TypeHandlePtr f1, NativeIntSource.TypeHandlePtr f2 -> f1 = f2
+            | NativeIntSource.Verbatim f1, NativeIntSource.Verbatim f2 -> f1 = f2
+            | NativeIntSource.ManagedPointer f1, NativeIntSource.ManagedPointer f2 -> f1 = f2
+            | _, _ -> failwith $"TODO (CEQ): nativeint vs nativeint, {var1} vs {var2}"
+        | EvalStackValue.NativeInt var1, EvalStackValue.Int32 var2 -> failwith $"TODO (CEQ): nativeint vs int32"
+        | EvalStackValue.NativeInt var1, EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer var2 ->
+            failwith $"TODO (CEQ): nativeint vs managed pointer"
+        | EvalStackValue.NativeInt _, _ -> failwith $"bad ceq: NativeInt vs {var2}"
+        | EvalStackValue.ObjectRef var1, EvalStackValue.ObjectRef var2 -> var1 = var2
+        | EvalStackValue.ObjectRef _, _ -> failwith $"bad ceq: ObjectRef vs {var2}"
+        | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer var1, EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer var2 -> var1 = var2
+        | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer var1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt var2 ->
+            failwith $"TODO (CEQ): managed pointer vs nativeint"
+        | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer _, _ -> failwith $"bad ceq: ManagedPointer vs {var2}"
+        | EvalStackValue.UserDefinedValueType _, _ -> failwith $"bad ceq: UserDefinedValueType vs {var2}"
diff --git a/WoofWare.PawPrint/ExternImplementations/System.Threading.Monitor.fs b/WoofWare.PawPrint/ExternImplementations/System.Threading.Monitor.fs
index 497ad47..de2acd2 100644
--- a/WoofWare.PawPrint/ExternImplementations/System.Threading.Monitor.fs
+++ b/WoofWare.PawPrint/ExternImplementations/System.Threading.Monitor.fs
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ module System_Threading_Monitor =
                     | ManagedPointerSource.Argument (sourceThread, methodFrame, whichVar) ->
                         failwith "not really expecting to *edit* an argument..."
                     | ManagedPointerSource.Heap addr -> failwith "todo: managed heap"
+                    | ManagedPointerSource.ArrayIndex _ -> failwith "todo: array index"
 
                 (state, WhatWeDid.Executed) |> ExecutionResult.Stepped
 
diff --git a/WoofWare.PawPrint/IlMachineState.fs b/WoofWare.PawPrint/IlMachineState.fs
index aa10bca..6cedfe0 100644
--- a/WoofWare.PawPrint/IlMachineState.fs
+++ b/WoofWare.PawPrint/IlMachineState.fs
@@ -587,6 +587,7 @@ module IlMachineState =
                     | ManagedPointerSource.Heap managedHeapAddress ->
                         CliRuntimePointer.Managed (CliRuntimePointerSource.Heap managedHeapAddress)
                     | ManagedPointerSource.Null -> failwith "todo"
+                    | ManagedPointerSource.ArrayIndex _ -> failwith "TODO"
                 | x -> failwith $"TODO: Unsafe.AsPointer(%O{x})"
 
             pushToEvalStack (CliType.RuntimePointer toPush) currentThread state
@@ -616,6 +617,34 @@ module IlMachineState =
             |> pushToEvalStack' result currentThread
             |> advanceProgramCounter currentThread
             |> Some
+        | "System.Private.CoreLib", "String", "Equals" ->
+            let arg1, state = popEvalStack currentThread state
+
+            let arg1 =
+                match arg1 with
+                | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer (ManagedPointerSource.Heap h) -> h
+                | EvalStackValue.Int32 _
+                | EvalStackValue.Int64 _
+                | EvalStackValue.Float _ -> failwith $"this isn't a string! {arg1}"
+                | _ -> failwith $"TODO: %O{arg1}"
+
+            let arg2, state = popEvalStack currentThread state
+
+            let arg2 =
+                match arg2 with
+                | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer (ManagedPointerSource.Heap h) -> h
+                | EvalStackValue.Int32 _
+                | EvalStackValue.Int64 _
+                | EvalStackValue.Float _ -> failwith $"this isn't a string! {arg2}"
+                | _ -> failwith $"TODO: %O{arg2}"
+
+            if arg1 = arg2 then
+                state
+                |> pushToEvalStack (CliType.OfBool true) currentThread
+                |> advanceProgramCounter currentThread
+                |> Some
+            else
+                failwith "TODO"
         | a, b, c -> failwith $"TODO: implement JIT intrinsic {a}.{b}.{c}"
         |> Option.map (fun s -> s.WithThreadSwitchedToAssembly callerAssy currentThread |> fst)
 
@@ -1150,6 +1179,9 @@ module IlMachineState =
             ManagedHeap = heap
         }
 
+    let getArrayValue (arrayAllocation : ManagedHeapAddress) (index : int) (state : IlMachineState) : CliType =
+        ManagedHeap.GetArrayValue arrayAllocation index state.ManagedHeap
+
     let jumpProgramCounter (thread : ThreadId) (bytes : int) (state : IlMachineState) : IlMachineState =
         { state with
             ThreadState =
diff --git a/WoofWare.PawPrint/ManagedHeap.fs b/WoofWare.PawPrint/ManagedHeap.fs
index 7765458..0de1a88 100644
--- a/WoofWare.PawPrint/ManagedHeap.fs
+++ b/WoofWare.PawPrint/ManagedHeap.fs
@@ -109,6 +109,16 @@ type ManagedHeap =
 
         ManagedHeapAddress addr, heap
 
+    static member GetArrayValue (alloc : ManagedHeapAddress) (offset : int) (heap : ManagedHeap) : CliType =
+        match heap.Arrays.TryGetValue alloc with
+        | false, _ -> failwith "TODO: array not on heap"
+        | true, arr ->
+
+        if offset < 0 || offset >= arr.Length then
+            failwith "TODO: raise IndexOutOfBoundsException"
+
+        arr.Elements.[offset]
+
     static member SetArrayValue
         (alloc : ManagedHeapAddress)
         (offset : int)
@@ -124,6 +134,9 @@ type ManagedHeap =
                     match arr with
                     | None -> failwith "tried to change element of nonexistent array"
                     | Some arr ->
+                        if offset < 0 || offset >= arr.Elements.Length then
+                            failwith "TODO: throw somehow"
+
                         { arr with
                             Elements = arr.Elements.SetItem (offset, v)
                         }
diff --git a/WoofWare.PawPrint/NullaryIlOp.fs b/WoofWare.PawPrint/NullaryIlOp.fs
index c6c01bc..fcd304e 100644
--- a/WoofWare.PawPrint/NullaryIlOp.fs
+++ b/WoofWare.PawPrint/NullaryIlOp.fs
@@ -1,33 +1,7 @@
 namespace WoofWare.PawPrint
 
-#nowarn "42"
-
 open Microsoft.Extensions.Logging
 
-type private IArithmeticOperation =
-    abstract Int32Int32 : int32 -> int32 -> int32
-    abstract Int64Int64 : int64 -> int64 -> int64
-    abstract FloatFloat : float -> float -> float
-    abstract Name : string
-
-[<RequireQualifiedAccess>]
-module private ArithmeticOperation =
-    let add =
-        { new IArithmeticOperation with
-            member _.Int32Int32 a b = (# "add" a b : int32 #)
-            member _.Int64Int64 a b = (# "add" a b : int64 #)
-            member _.FloatFloat a b = (# "add" a b : float #)
-            member _.Name = "add"
-        }
-
-    let mul =
-        { new IArithmeticOperation with
-            member _.Int32Int32 a b = (# "mul" a b : int32 #)
-            member _.Int64Int64 a b = (# "mul" a b : int64 #)
-            member _.FloatFloat a b = (# "mul" a b : float #)
-            member _.Name = "mul"
-        }
-
 [<RequireQualifiedAccess>]
 [<CompilationRepresentation(CompilationRepresentationFlags.ModuleSuffix)>]
 module NullaryIlOp =
@@ -72,6 +46,7 @@ module NullaryIlOp =
         | ManagedPointerSource.LocalVariable (sourceThread, methodFrame, whichVar) ->
             state.ThreadState.[sourceThread].MethodStates.[methodFrame].LocalVariables.[int<uint16> whichVar]
         | ManagedPointerSource.Heap managedHeapAddress -> failwith "TODO: Heap pointer dereferencing not implemented"
+        | ManagedPointerSource.ArrayIndex _ -> failwith "TODO: array index pointer dereferencing not implemented"
 
     // Unified Ldind implementation
     let private executeLdind
@@ -103,41 +78,6 @@ module NullaryIlOp =
 
         (state, WhatWeDid.Executed) |> ExecutionResult.Stepped
 
-    let private binaryArithmeticOperation
-        (op : IArithmeticOperation)
-        (currentThread : ThreadId)
-        (state : IlMachineState)
-        =
-        let val1, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
-        let val2, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
-        // see table at https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.reflection.emit.opcodes.add?view=net-9.0
-        let result =
-            match val1, val2 with
-            | EvalStackValue.Int32 val1, EvalStackValue.Int32 val2 ->
-                (# "add" val1 val2 : int32 #) |> EvalStackValue.Int32
-            | EvalStackValue.Int32 val1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt val2 -> failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.NativeInt
-            | EvalStackValue.Int32 val1, EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer val2 ->
-                failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer
-            | EvalStackValue.Int32 val1, EvalStackValue.ObjectRef val2 -> failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.ObjectRef
-            | EvalStackValue.Int64 val1, EvalStackValue.Int64 val2 ->
-                (# "add" val1 val2 : int64 #) |> EvalStackValue.Int64
-            | EvalStackValue.NativeInt val1, EvalStackValue.Int32 val2 -> failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.NativeInt
-            | EvalStackValue.NativeInt val1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt val2 -> failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.NativeInt
-            | EvalStackValue.NativeInt val1, EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer val2 ->
-                failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer
-            | EvalStackValue.NativeInt val1, EvalStackValue.ObjectRef val2 -> failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.ObjectRef
-            | EvalStackValue.Float val1, EvalStackValue.Float val2 ->
-                (# "add" val1 val2 : float #) |> EvalStackValue.Float
-            | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer val1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt val2 ->
-                failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer
-            | EvalStackValue.ObjectRef val1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt val2 -> failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.ObjectRef
-            | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer val1, EvalStackValue.Int32 val2 ->
-                failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer
-            | EvalStackValue.ObjectRef val1, EvalStackValue.Int32 val2 -> failwith "" |> EvalStackValue.ObjectRef
-            | val1, val2 -> failwith $"invalid %s{op.Name} operation: {val1} and {val2}"
-
-        result, state
-
     let private stind (varType : CliType) (currentThread : ThreadId) (state : IlMachineState) : IlMachineState =
         // TODO: throw NullReferenceException if unaligned target
         let valueToStore, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
@@ -182,8 +122,84 @@ module NullaryIlOp =
                             )
                 }
             | ManagedPointerSource.Heap managedHeapAddress -> failwith "todo"
+            | ManagedPointerSource.ArrayIndex _ -> failwith "todo"
         | EvalStackValue.ObjectRef managedHeapAddress -> failwith "todo"
 
+    let internal ldElem
+        (targetCliTypeZero : CliType)
+        (index : EvalStackValue)
+        (arr : EvalStackValue)
+        (currentThread : ThreadId)
+        (state : IlMachineState)
+        : ExecutionResult
+        =
+        let index =
+            match index with
+            | EvalStackValue.NativeInt src ->
+                match src with
+                | NativeIntSource.FunctionPointer _
+                | NativeIntSource.TypeHandlePtr _
+                | NativeIntSource.ManagedPointer _ -> failwith "Refusing to treat a pointer as an array index"
+                | NativeIntSource.Verbatim i -> i |> int32
+            | EvalStackValue.Int32 i -> i
+            | _ -> failwith $"Invalid index: {index}"
+
+        let arrAddr =
+            match arr with
+            | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer (ManagedPointerSource.Heap addr)
+            | EvalStackValue.ObjectRef addr -> addr
+            | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer ManagedPointerSource.Null -> failwith "TODO: throw NRE"
+            | _ -> failwith $"Invalid array: %O{arr}"
+
+        let value = IlMachineState.getArrayValue arrAddr index state
+
+        let state =
+            state
+            |> IlMachineState.pushToEvalStack value currentThread
+            |> IlMachineState.advanceProgramCounter currentThread
+
+        ExecutionResult.Stepped (state, WhatWeDid.Executed)
+
+    let internal stElem
+        (targetCliTypeZero : CliType)
+        (value : EvalStackValue)
+        (index : EvalStackValue)
+        (arr : EvalStackValue)
+        (currentThread : ThreadId)
+        (state : IlMachineState)
+        : ExecutionResult
+        =
+        let index =
+            match index with
+            | EvalStackValue.NativeInt src ->
+                match src with
+                | NativeIntSource.FunctionPointer _
+                | NativeIntSource.TypeHandlePtr _
+                | NativeIntSource.ManagedPointer _ -> failwith "Refusing to treat a pointer as an array index"
+                | NativeIntSource.Verbatim i -> i |> int32
+            | EvalStackValue.Int32 i -> i
+            | _ -> failwith $"Invalid index: {index}"
+
+        let arrAddr =
+            match arr with
+            | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer (ManagedPointerSource.Heap addr)
+            | EvalStackValue.ObjectRef addr -> addr
+            | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer ManagedPointerSource.Null -> failwith "TODO: throw NRE"
+            | _ -> failwith $"Invalid array: %O{arr}"
+        // TODO: throw ArrayTypeMismatchException if incorrect types
+
+        let arr = state.ManagedHeap.Arrays.[arrAddr]
+
+        if index < 0 || index >= arr.Length then
+            failwith "TODO: throw IndexOutOfRangeException"
+
+        let state =
+            state
+            |> IlMachineState.setArrayValue arrAddr (EvalStackValue.toCliTypeCoerced targetCliTypeZero value) index
+            |> IlMachineState.advanceProgramCounter currentThread
+
+        ExecutionResult.Stepped (state, WhatWeDid.Executed)
+
     let internal execute
         (loggerFactory : ILoggerFactory)
         (corelib : BaseClassTypes<DumpedAssembly>)
@@ -346,38 +362,7 @@ module NullaryIlOp =
             let var2, state = state |> IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread
             let var1, state = state |> IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread
 
-            let comparisonResult =
-                // Table III.4
-                match var1, var2 with
-                | EvalStackValue.Int32 var1, EvalStackValue.Int32 var2 -> if var1 = var2 then 1 else 0
-                | EvalStackValue.Int32 var1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt var2 -> failwith "TODO: int32 CEQ nativeint"
-                | EvalStackValue.Int32 _, _ -> failwith $"bad ceq: Int32 vs {var2}"
-                | EvalStackValue.Int64 var1, EvalStackValue.Int64 var2 -> if var1 = var2 then 1 else 0
-                | EvalStackValue.Int64 _, _ -> failwith $"bad ceq: Int64 vs {var2}"
-                | EvalStackValue.Float var1, EvalStackValue.Float var2 -> failwith "TODO: float CEQ float"
-                | EvalStackValue.Float _, _ -> failwith $"bad ceq: Float vs {var2}"
-                | EvalStackValue.NativeInt var1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt var2 ->
-                    match var1, var2 with
-                    | NativeIntSource.FunctionPointer f1, NativeIntSource.FunctionPointer f2 ->
-                        if f1 = f2 then
-                            1
-                        else
-                            failwith $"TODO(CEQ): nativeint vs nativeint, {f1} vs {f2}"
-                    | NativeIntSource.TypeHandlePtr f1, NativeIntSource.TypeHandlePtr f2 -> if f1 = f2 then 1 else 0
-                    | NativeIntSource.Verbatim f1, NativeIntSource.Verbatim f2 -> if f1 = f2 then 1 else 0
-                    | NativeIntSource.ManagedPointer f1, NativeIntSource.ManagedPointer f2 -> if f1 = f2 then 1 else 0
-                    | _, _ -> failwith $"TODO (CEQ): nativeint vs nativeint, {var1} vs {var2}"
-                | EvalStackValue.NativeInt var1, EvalStackValue.Int32 var2 -> failwith $"TODO (CEQ): nativeint vs int32"
-                | EvalStackValue.NativeInt var1, EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer var2 ->
-                    failwith $"TODO (CEQ): nativeint vs managed pointer"
-                | EvalStackValue.NativeInt _, _ -> failwith $"bad ceq: NativeInt vs {var2}"
-                | EvalStackValue.ObjectRef var1, EvalStackValue.ObjectRef var2 -> if var1 = var2 then 1 else 0
-                | EvalStackValue.ObjectRef _, _ -> failwith $"bad ceq: ObjectRef vs {var2}"
-                | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer var1, EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer var2 -> if var1 = var2 then 1 else 0
-                | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer var1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt var2 ->
-                    failwith $"TODO (CEQ): managed pointer vs nativeint"
-                | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer _, _ -> failwith $"bad ceq: ManagedPointer vs {var2}"
-                | EvalStackValue.UserDefinedValueType _, _ -> failwith $"bad ceq: UserDefinedValueType vs {var2}"
+            let comparisonResult = if EvalStackValueComparisons.ceq var1 var2 then 1 else 0
 
             state
             |> IlMachineState.pushToEvalStack' (EvalStackValue.Int32 comparisonResult) currentThread
@@ -390,41 +375,7 @@ module NullaryIlOp =
             let var2, state = state |> IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread
             let var1, state = state |> IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread
 
-            let comparisonResult =
-                match var1, var2 with
-                | EvalStackValue.Int64 var1, EvalStackValue.Int64 var2 -> if var1 < var2 then 1 else 0
-                | EvalStackValue.Float var1, EvalStackValue.Float var2 ->
-                    failwith "TODO: Clt float comparison unimplemented"
-                | EvalStackValue.ObjectRef var1, EvalStackValue.ObjectRef var2 ->
-                    failwith $"Clt instruction invalid for comparing object refs, {var1} vs {var2}"
-                | EvalStackValue.ObjectRef var1, other -> failwith $"invalid comparison, ref %O{var1} vs %O{other}"
-                | other, EvalStackValue.ObjectRef var2 -> failwith $"invalid comparison, %O{other} vs ref %O{var2}"
-                | EvalStackValue.Float i, other -> failwith $"invalid comparison, float %f{i} vs %O{other}"
-                | other, EvalStackValue.Float i -> failwith $"invalid comparison, %O{other} vs float %f{i}"
-                | EvalStackValue.Int64 i, other -> failwith $"invalid comparison, int64 %i{i} vs %O{other}"
-                | other, EvalStackValue.Int64 i -> failwith $"invalid comparison, %O{other} vs int64 %i{i}"
-                | EvalStackValue.Int32 var1, EvalStackValue.Int32 var2 -> if var1 < var2 then 1 else 0
-                | EvalStackValue.Int32 var1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt var2 ->
-                    failwith "TODO: Clt Int32 vs NativeInt comparison unimplemented"
-                | EvalStackValue.Int32 i, other -> failwith $"invalid comparison, int32 %i{i} vs %O{other}"
-                | EvalStackValue.NativeInt var1, EvalStackValue.Int32 var2 ->
-                    failwith "TODO: Clt NativeInt vs Int32 comparison unimplemented"
-                | other, EvalStackValue.Int32 var2 -> failwith $"invalid comparison, {other} vs int32 {var2}"
-                | EvalStackValue.NativeInt var1, EvalStackValue.NativeInt var2 ->
-                    if NativeIntSource.isLess var1 var2 then 1 else 0
-                | EvalStackValue.NativeInt var1, other -> failwith $"invalid comparison, nativeint {var1} vs %O{other}"
-                | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer managedPointerSource, NativeInt int64 ->
-                    failwith "TODO: Clt ManagedPointer vs NativeInt comparison unimplemented"
-                | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer managedPointerSource, ManagedPointer pointerSource ->
-                    failwith "TODO: Clt ManagedPointer vs ManagedPointer comparison unimplemented"
-                | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer managedPointerSource, UserDefinedValueType _ ->
-                    failwith "TODO: Clt ManagedPointer vs UserDefinedValueType comparison unimplemented"
-                | EvalStackValue.UserDefinedValueType _, NativeInt int64 ->
-                    failwith "TODO: Clt UserDefinedValueType vs NativeInt comparison unimplemented"
-                | EvalStackValue.UserDefinedValueType _, ManagedPointer managedPointerSource ->
-                    failwith "TODO: Clt UserDefinedValueType vs ManagedPointer comparison unimplemented"
-                | EvalStackValue.UserDefinedValueType _, UserDefinedValueType _ ->
-                    failwith "TODO: Clt UserDefinedValueType vs UserDefinedValueType comparison unimplemented"
+            let comparisonResult = if EvalStackValueComparisons.clt var1 var2 then 1 else 0
 
             state
             |> IlMachineState.pushToEvalStack' (EvalStackValue.Int32 comparisonResult) currentThread
@@ -460,8 +411,9 @@ module NullaryIlOp =
         | Sub_ovf -> failwith "TODO: Sub_ovf unimplemented"
         | Sub_ovf_un -> failwith "TODO: Sub_ovf_un unimplemented"
         | Add ->
-            let result, state =
-                binaryArithmeticOperation ArithmeticOperation.add currentThread state
+            let val1, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let val2, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let result = BinaryArithmetic.execute ArithmeticOperation.add val1 val2
 
             state
             |> IlMachineState.pushToEvalStack' result currentThread
@@ -471,8 +423,9 @@ module NullaryIlOp =
         | Add_ovf -> failwith "TODO: Add_ovf unimplemented"
         | Add_ovf_un -> failwith "TODO: Add_ovf_un unimplemented"
         | Mul ->
-            let result, state =
-                binaryArithmeticOperation ArithmeticOperation.mul currentThread state
+            let val1, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let val2, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let result = BinaryArithmetic.execute ArithmeticOperation.mul val1 val2
 
             state
             |> IlMachineState.pushToEvalStack' result currentThread
@@ -798,6 +751,7 @@ module NullaryIlOp =
                     | ManagedPointerSource.Argument (sourceThread, methodFrame, whichVar) ->
                         state.ThreadState.[sourceThread].MethodStates.[methodFrame].Arguments.[int<uint16> whichVar]
                     | ManagedPointerSource.Heap managedHeapAddress -> failwith "todo"
+                    | ManagedPointerSource.ArrayIndex _ -> failwith "todo"
                 | a -> failwith $"TODO: {a}"
 
             let state =
@@ -807,7 +761,29 @@ module NullaryIlOp =
                 |> IlMachineState.advanceProgramCounter currentThread
 
             (state, WhatWeDid.Executed) |> ExecutionResult.Stepped
-        | Stind_ref -> failwith "TODO: Stind_ref unimplemented"
+        | Stind_ref ->
+            let value, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let addr, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+
+            let state =
+                match addr with
+                | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer src ->
+                    match src with
+                    | ManagedPointerSource.Null -> failwith "TODO: throw NRE"
+                    | ManagedPointerSource.LocalVariable (sourceThread, methodFrame, whichVar) -> failwith "todo"
+                    | ManagedPointerSource.Argument (sourceThread, methodFrame, whichVar) -> failwith "todo"
+                    | ManagedPointerSource.Heap managedHeapAddress -> failwith "todo"
+                    | ManagedPointerSource.ArrayIndex (arr, index) ->
+                        state
+                        |> IlMachineState.setArrayValue
+                            arr
+                            (EvalStackValue.toCliTypeCoerced (CliType.ObjectRef None) value)
+                            index
+                | addr -> failwith $"TODO: {addr}"
+
+            let state = state |> IlMachineState.advanceProgramCounter currentThread
+
+            (state, WhatWeDid.Executed) |> ExecutionResult.Stepped
         | Ldelem_i -> failwith "TODO: Ldelem_i unimplemented"
         | Ldelem_i1 -> failwith "TODO: Ldelem_i1 unimplemented"
         | Ldelem_u1 -> failwith "TODO: Ldelem_u1 unimplemented"
@@ -819,19 +795,54 @@ module NullaryIlOp =
         | Ldelem_u8 -> failwith "TODO: Ldelem_u8 unimplemented"
         | Ldelem_r4 -> failwith "TODO: Ldelem_r4 unimplemented"
         | Ldelem_r8 -> failwith "TODO: Ldelem_r8 unimplemented"
-        | Ldelem_ref -> failwith "TODO: Ldelem_ref unimplemented"
-        | Stelem_i -> failwith "TODO: Stelem_i unimplemented"
-        | Stelem_i1 -> failwith "TODO: Stelem_i1 unimplemented"
+        | Ldelem_ref ->
+            let index, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let arr, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+
+            ldElem (CliType.ObjectRef None) index arr currentThread state
+        | Stelem_i ->
+            let value, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let index, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let arr, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+
+            stElem
+                (CliType.Numeric (CliNumericType.NativeInt (NativeIntSource.Verbatim 0L)))
+                value
+                index
+                arr
+                currentThread
+                state
+        | Stelem_i1 ->
+            let value, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let index, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let arr, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            stElem (CliType.Numeric (CliNumericType.Int8 0y)) value index arr currentThread state
         | Stelem_u1 -> failwith "TODO: Stelem_u1 unimplemented"
-        | Stelem_i2 -> failwith "TODO: Stelem_i2 unimplemented"
+        | Stelem_i2 ->
+            let value, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let index, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let arr, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            stElem (CliType.Numeric (CliNumericType.Int16 0s)) value index arr currentThread state
         | Stelem_u2 -> failwith "TODO: Stelem_u2 unimplemented"
-        | Stelem_i4 -> failwith "TODO: Stelem_i4 unimplemented"
+        | Stelem_i4 ->
+            let value, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let index, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let arr, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            stElem (CliType.Numeric (CliNumericType.Int32 0)) value index arr currentThread state
         | Stelem_u4 -> failwith "TODO: Stelem_u4 unimplemented"
-        | Stelem_i8 -> failwith "TODO: Stelem_i8 unimplemented"
+        | Stelem_i8 ->
+            let value, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let index, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let arr, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            stElem (CliType.Numeric (CliNumericType.Int64 0L)) value index arr currentThread state
         | Stelem_u8 -> failwith "TODO: Stelem_u8 unimplemented"
         | Stelem_r4 -> failwith "TODO: Stelem_r4 unimplemented"
         | Stelem_r8 -> failwith "TODO: Stelem_r8 unimplemented"
-        | Stelem_ref -> failwith "TODO: Stelem_ref unimplemented"
+        | Stelem_ref ->
+            let value, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let index, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            let arr, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack currentThread state
+            stElem (CliType.ObjectRef None) value index arr currentThread state
         | Cpblk -> failwith "TODO: Cpblk unimplemented"
         | Initblk -> failwith "TODO: Initblk unimplemented"
         | Conv_ovf_u1 -> failwith "TODO: Conv_ovf_u1 unimplemented"
diff --git a/WoofWare.PawPrint/UnaryMetadataIlOp.fs b/WoofWare.PawPrint/UnaryMetadataIlOp.fs
index b93b339..5e07426 100644
--- a/WoofWare.PawPrint/UnaryMetadataIlOp.fs
+++ b/WoofWare.PawPrint/UnaryMetadataIlOp.fs
@@ -340,7 +340,38 @@ module internal UnaryMetadataIlOp =
 
             state, WhatWeDid.Executed
         | Box -> failwith "TODO: Box unimplemented"
-        | Ldelema -> failwith "TODO: Ldelema unimplemented"
+        | Ldelema ->
+            let index, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack thread state
+            let arr, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack thread state
+
+            let index =
+                match index with
+                | EvalStackValue.Int32 i -> i
+                | _ -> failwith $"TODO: {index}"
+
+            let arrAddr =
+                match arr with
+                | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer (ManagedPointerSource.Heap addr)
+                | EvalStackValue.ObjectRef addr -> addr
+                | EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer ManagedPointerSource.Null -> failwith "TODO: throw NRE"
+                | _ -> failwith $"Invalid array: %O{arr}"
+
+            // TODO: throw ArrayTypeMismatchException if incorrect types
+
+            let arr = state.ManagedHeap.Arrays.[arrAddr]
+
+            if index < 0 || index >= arr.Length then
+                failwith "TODO: throw IndexOutOfRangeException"
+
+            let result =
+                ManagedPointerSource.ArrayIndex (arrAddr, index)
+                |> EvalStackValue.ManagedPointer
+
+            let state =
+                IlMachineState.pushToEvalStack' result thread state
+                |> IlMachineState.advanceProgramCounter thread
+
+            state, WhatWeDid.Executed
         | Isinst ->
             let actualObj, state = IlMachineState.popEvalStack thread state
 
@@ -464,6 +495,8 @@ module internal UnaryMetadataIlOp =
                         state
                         |> IlMachineState.setLocalVariable sourceThread methodFrame whichVar valueToStore
                     | ManagedPointerSource.Argument (sourceThread, methodFrame, whichVar) -> failwith "todo"
+                    | ManagedPointerSource.ArrayIndex (arr, index) ->
+                        state |> IlMachineState.setArrayValue arr valueToStore index
                     | ManagedPointerSource.Heap addr ->
                         match state.ManagedHeap.NonArrayObjects.TryGetValue addr with
                         | false, _ -> failwith $"todo: array {addr}"
@@ -641,6 +674,9 @@ module internal UnaryMetadataIlOp =
                         match state.ManagedHeap.NonArrayObjects.TryGetValue managedHeapAddress with
                         | false, _ -> failwith $"todo: array {managedHeapAddress}"
                         | true, v -> IlMachineState.pushToEvalStack v.Fields.[field.Name] thread state
+                    | ManagedPointerSource.ArrayIndex (arr, index) ->
+                        let currentValue = state |> IlMachineState.getArrayValue arr index
+                        IlMachineState.pushToEvalStack currentValue thread state
                     | ManagedPointerSource.Null -> failwith "TODO: raise NullReferenceException"
                 | EvalStackValue.ObjectRef managedHeapAddress -> failwith $"todo: {managedHeapAddress}"
                 | EvalStackValue.UserDefinedValueType _ as udvt -> IlMachineState.pushToEvalStack' udvt thread state
diff --git a/WoofWare.PawPrint/WoofWare.PawPrint.fsproj b/WoofWare.PawPrint/WoofWare.PawPrint.fsproj
index 3e8a007..948d72c 100644
--- a/WoofWare.PawPrint/WoofWare.PawPrint.fsproj
+++ b/WoofWare.PawPrint/WoofWare.PawPrint.fsproj
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
     <Compile Include="TypeInitialisation.fs" />
     <Compile Include="Exceptions.fs" />
     <Compile Include="EvalStack.fs" />
+    <Compile Include="EvalStackValueComparisons.fs" />
+    <Compile Include="BinaryArithmetic.fs" />
     <Compile Include="MethodState.fs" />
     <Compile Include="ThreadState.fs" />
     <Compile Include="IlMachineState.fs" />