Summary:
Using \phantom with non-phantom math in Perseus doesn't render to be the
same size because \phantom uses MathJax and the non-phantom math uses KaTeX.
Implementing \phantom in KaTeX should solve this alignment issue.
Test Plan:
[x] write (and run) unit tests
[x] create (and run) screenshotter tests
Reviewers: emily
Reviewed By: emily
Differential Revision: https://phabricator.khanacademy.org/D16720
